Globalization and the Youth Culture of Dakar as Related in a study by Essay

Globalization and the Youth Culture of Dakar as Related in a study by Scheld and Examined against Writing by Ong and Writing by Inda and Rosaldo - Essay Example In comparing her writing with that of Aihwa Ong, an emerging pattern of the influences of media on the nature of capitalism can be observed. When gauging that against the ideas of globalization as they are discussed by Inda and Rosaldo, the influences of cultures as they collide can be seen for how they are changing existing cultures, and reinventing through filters as they influence life across the world. The emergence of globalization has created a youth driven culture as the ways of the old are being shadowed by the influences of new cultures through media, consumerism, and the emergence of a capitalistic based world economy. According to Scheld, † In Dakar, youth are increasingly entrepreneurial individuals who base the authenticity of their cosmopolitan identity on an ability to buy and sell (trade) in the urban/global informal economy† (232). This might be seen as a Westernization of thought and identity that has embraced the nature of consumerism and shaped the way in which the youth are supporting their feelings of participation in a world that has grown large through globalization. The creation of clothing lines within the Dakar cosmopolitan has emerged through a sense of community; those involved using social terms of interaction in order to support what they are creating. While there is an undercurrent of dishonest behaviors, they are framed by social rules which include creative and competitive structures of behavior. Sheld states that â€Å"youth steer the economic cultural life of the city and keep it hooked in to the global economy† (232). Sheld’s research is based u pon a belief that â€Å"Dakarois youth use dress to shape the city and urban identity† (232). Sheld’s work examines â€Å"how clothing use and exchange shape cosmopolitan identities, the city, and global flows of people and goods in a West African metropolis† (232). The region of Dakar is economically depressed, the city a wash of deterioration and decay, but the young people of the region dress in ways that are both provocative and colorful, injecting into the economy a relationship between cultural expression and economic stimulation. Where most aspects of the economy are failing, the behaviors of the youth culture in creating their own sub-economy for the purpose of fashion creates an underbelly of motion in which the an informal economy is the basis of the emergence of culture within the city landscape. It seems to be a common element within a culture to see its youth as a driving force in creating economic flows based upon fashion and social identity. The w ays in which these â€Å"marginalized populations make sense of modernity, express their identities and shape their lifeworlds† (Sheld 233) is often through externalized expressions of their emotions, their choices placing them within a framework of social position that makes sense to them and to their peers. In creating â€Å"imagined memberships† within a specified world, the individual becomes a part of a world through mimicry and recreation of the world to form and identify with the ways in which they associate themselves in congruence with the ways in which the structure services their need for identity (Sheld 235). Globalization has become a driving force of youth culture, allowing for identification with groups from around the world where something of those social groups becomes an identifiable structure from which looks and behaviors are adapted. According

Prince Family Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Prince Family Paper - Essay Example The series highlight different ethos that forms part of the lives of the characters. Firstly, the series highlights the culture of discipline and obedience. According to the series, children are expected to respect people who are older than they are. In addition, parents have the obligation to guide their children in righteous ways. This ethos enables the series to connect with reality. Pathos outlined in the series includes words or actions hat have an emotional appeal. For instance, Michael is greatly moved as he watches the prince family help him fix his car after he was involved in a minor accident. The argument end the way it does purposefully. Although the argument ends with suspense making it appear incomplete, the producer intends to create suspense in the mind of his audience. Through this creation, it is certain that the audience will always be looking forward for the next creation or production. On the other hand, the ending enables the produce to create a series of thought in his

Airasia Xs Business Environment Tourism Essay

Airasia Xs Business Environment Tourism Essay X targeted the less disposable income travelers who overlooked by traditional airlines even by some low cost carriers. The low price of ticket and abundant of destination network provided travelers more opportunities to fly. Moreover, X explored the new technology to reduce transaction cost for travelers the cell phone sales of ticket. As Asias economic grew, people from Asia have higher spending power and they will select air transportation to travel more frequent than before. X should cater to a broader passengers segment across different needs categories. Back to a short time after the inception of X, the Malaysia Transport Ministry even refused to release the air route from Kuala Lumpur to Sydney for X in order to protect Malaysia Airlines which is the national airline. Afterward, X prepared for IPO but did not want to be list on the KLSE. Due to worry about the Malaysia government could slow down some of Xs expansion and continue to refuse some routes application. X put off the IPO till the end of 2011 and early of 2012. AirAsia Xs industry environment Although the entry barrier of airline industry is high such as huge capital requirement and governmental legal barriers, low cost long haul carriers are suffering strong competition. On one hand, most of low cost long haul carriers are launched by their parent company. For example, X is a sister company of AirAsia, Scoot Airline is a subsidiary of Singapore Airline. They can enter the industry because of the background of their parent company. On the other hand, the cost of aircraft, fuel and airport is the majority expense in airline company, the high bargain power of suppliers gave much pressure to them. Train and ship are the substitutes of airline, but they are hardly to take place of low cost long haul airline. Even though the price is more expensive than bus and ship, low cost long haul carriers provide variable, efficient and convenient transport service. Sometimes, low threat of substitutes indicates high competition in the industry. In Southeast Asia market, Jetstar from Australia and Scoot from Singapore are the main competitors of X. Jetstar is the earliest company to operated low cost model of them, it has much experience about low cost control. It has huge fleet and good quality service. Its fatal weakness is the highest ticket price provided among the three companies. Scoot is a new low cost long haul carrier in 2012. It has narrow route network and higher price than X. However, it has absolute cost advantages in route from Singapore to Australia currently. Compared to them, X has the lowest average ticket price and the largest passenger load. AirAsia Xs Strategy X successfully integrated low cost model in every organizational activities. It sharply griped the true needs of lower disposable income customers to attract new customer segments and created value to customers around low cost. Primary activities Activities Description Inbound logistics Although X formally separated from AirAsia, they still jointly purchase important resources such as aircraft and fuel. It will strengthen their bargaining power towards suppliers. X reduced costly investment in terminal or non-airplane related infrastructure help to decrease the cost of flight for passengers. Meanwhile, X pays much attention to flight safety. It has a high standard aircraft maintenance team. Operations Different from full service airlines, X should maximize its load in each flight to reach the break-even point because of the low enough price. Moreover, X arranges high efficient flight scheduling to increase the profit. Outbound logistics X is an airline company and responsible to long haul transportation. There is no more outbound logistics except the low cost long haul transportation. Marketing and sales In order to attract new customer segments, X was differentiated around low cost and building he global brand. To reduce cost, X utilized 100 per cent online sales before. To make further efforts, X was exploring the cell phone sales of ticket. In spite of the extra cost, X set sales point in at each airport and operated call centers throughout the world. X also had agreements with travel agencies. Service X made effort to keep the booking process and pricing model simple. The ticket price listed online including ticket fees and related tax charge. It is transparent to customers. X never charged any online, telephone or personal booking fees. In late of 2010, X launched BIG program to review more benefit to loyal customers. Support activities Activities Description Infrastructure X used flat organization structure in the company. The structure helped X to reduce the cost of administration and develop the efficiency among the employees. One of the most important activities is preparing for global IPO. This move is the foundation for Xs global expansion. Human resource management Low cost human resource of X absolutely has benefits from the low labor cost of Malaysia. Furthermore, X and AirAsia established their own training academy for new pilots, engineer and cabin crews. It saved a lot of money for X again. Technology development X explored cell phone sales of ticket to make up 100 per cent online sales. It provided more convenient to customers in booking system. Procurement X searched the lowest price with acceptable quality of merchandise or procured with AirAsia to obtain more price advantage. In the value chain of AirAsia X, every activity is around low cost to create value to customers. Some moves in value chain decide the AirAsia Xs cost per seat mile (US$0.02 per seat mile) less than one quarter of the cost of the average budget US s low budget airlines (US$0.09 per seat mile). From the inception of X, it operated as a simple organization structure. X used minimum staffs to complete flight tasks in safety and efficiency. Additionally, the cost of human resource saved a large sum of money for AirAsia X. Labor costs in Malaysia and the absence of unionization helped keep costs low. As wright said, passengers prefer to get off airplane directly onto the airport tarmac instead of added cost to the ticket price. To reduce costly investment in terminal or non-airplane related infrastructure help to decrease the cost of flight for passengers. It satisfied the real needs of Xs target market. Appraisal the strategies of AirAsia X Sustaining development cannot be created by operating business in external environment with high opportunity and low threat. It must depend on resource and capabilities and utilizes them to implement strategies in industry competition. In order to figure out these resource and capability, management must find out resource of value, rareness, imitability and non-substitute from internal environment. In the beginning of AirAsia X, it almost shared all resources from AirAsia to ensure the successful launch. As formally separated AirAsia X from AirAsia in 2010, AirAsia X already had its own value resources such as some suppliers. It provided infrastructure to administrate strategy and develop. Low cost control system but high safety aircraft and standard maintenance is the most valuable resource in AirAsia X. The flight time in AirAsia X changed from day to day is a very different schedule in airline industry. The purpose is to satisfy to break even through arrange aircrafts in the air as long as possible because the ticket price was too low. Low cost human resource in Malaysia is a kind of imperfectly imitable resources. Scoot Airline from Singapore and Jetstar Airline from Australia have no this resource. Low cost philosophy also is important imperfectly imitable resource. AirAsia X can achieve very low cost per seat mile as US$0.02 when the average budget airlines cost per seat mile is US$0.09. This is mission impossible to AirAsia Xs competitors. As an airline company, aircraft manufacturer is one of the core suppliers. Aircraft selection is very important to airline company; it must consider the size of aircraft depended on fly distance and maintenance cost. AirAsia X utilizes single type of aircraft to simplify maintenance, reduce staff training needs and gain better purchasing term in negotiation. Conclusion Integrated above Porters five forces analysis, value chain analysis and VRIN analysis, the current competitive advantage in AirAsia X is cost leadership. Because of low enough price, AirAsia X can grip opportunity to succeed when other low cost carriers failed. Meanwhile, the competitive advantage offsets some weaknesses such as less diversification of service and differentiation from competitors. With the development of AirAsia X, some current strengths maybe transfer to weaknesses. These will influence sustaining development of AirAsia X. Therefore, AirAsia X should build sustaining competitive advantages in the future. Sustaining competitive advantages Description Cost leadership Low cost philosophy must practices as the core competency throughout AirAsia X. Low distribution cost Currently, low distribution cost is still strength in AirAsia X, but it is heavily relied on online sales. Once information system interruption, AirAsia X will suffer heavy loss, besides, online sales are an easy kind of resource imitated by competitors. Thus, AirAsia X should explore new low cost distribution. High aircraft utilization and operation AirAsia X is good at safe and efficient flight schedule. It balances low ticket price and company revenue. This capability is sustainable and imperfectly imitable. Flat organization structure This capability helped AirAsia X to save a lot of money. However, it is short-term competitive advantage. As AirAsia X expands, flat organization structure will influence the quality of decision making. AirAsia X should maintain this capability to as sustainable competitive advantage. Strong branding and marketing Strong branding and marketing is one of important capability to against competitors expansion. AirAsia X must build its strong branding and marketing. As the completion of budget long haul airlines become sharp day by day. AirAsia X should maintain the capabilities which are easy imitated such as distribution channel or short-term competitive advantages such as flat organization structure.

Different Types of Markets Essay

What are the conditions for a perfectly competitive market? What are the conditions for a monopolistic market? What are the conditions for a monopolistic competitive market? What are the conditions for an oligopolistic market? How would you explain the differences among these market structures? Identify which market structure your organization competes in and why you think so. Colander (2008) specified that, a flawlessly modest market is a market in which financial services operate unhindered. There are six situations for a perfectly modest market, and they are as follows: both purchasers and vendors are price takers, the amount of businesses is large, there are no fences to entry, firms’ goods are indistinguishable, there is complete evidence, and finally, vending firms are profit-maximizing commercial firms. The situations for a anticompetitive market are as follows: there is only one partnership, which is large in size, this firm has to deliver all of the souk’s stock, there are high walls to entry, there are no close alternates for the good the domination firm produces, anticompetitive market should make up the whole market, the market has to take into explanation that its production result can touch price; its bordering income is not its price, and finally, a monopolist’s bordering revenue should continuously be below its price. The circumstances for a anticompetitive modest market are as follows: the market has several small companies, there are no fences to enter the market, each firm proposals a dissimilar categories of invention to the market, and finally, this market has a normal, downward-sloping demand arc. The situations for an oligopolistic market are as follows: afterward oligopolistic companies have made a choice, they should reflect the response of other companies; there are rare firms in the market, they are equally symbiotic, and finally, they can be collusive or non-collusive.

When Taking Women s Studies Course - 1783 Words

Before taking women’s studies course, my knowledge about feminist issue was limited and I was not aware that how social inequality affects women’s lives in our society today, it is really a shame how women are being treated so unfair. After now I am in my last week of this course, I realized that my awareness of the history and experiences of women increased throughout all aspects of society. According to the textbook Feminism is for Everybody Passionate Politics by Bell Hooks, I have learned about the definition of feminism and what it means to truly be a feminist in todays world. Feminism is simply defined as â€Å"a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression† (Hooks, 2000). My expectation before taking the Women’s studies†¦show more content†¦Although women do get involved in leadership position but they are often being discriminated against by the society due to their gender. It is rare for a woman to reach the highest level of employment such as CEO or a boss as the man is usually the one society sees should be the leader not the woman. Even though we live in the 21st century, gender inequality issue is still a major problem towards women nowadays. This is due to the fact that women are often underrepresented in the society with the dominance of males overemphasized. Although inequality in women still exists especially in workplace, but things are changing now. Women are currently more improved in their leadership roles. As a result, they are undoubtedly suitable for running higher and more qualified positions. According to Deseret News, â€Å"the number of women rising to roles of prominence in Utah has grown dramatically over the years — in business, academia, politics and more† (Lee, 2015). This news has shown that women have the potential to become a leader and higher positions in business, academia and politics. On the other hand, women have such an oppression against them today when it comes to them being leaders. When it comes to women in todays society people think that they should stay in the home take care of the children housework and manage everything while the male goes out to

My Writing As An Inquiry - 1263 Words

I have gained a vast amount of knowledge and other skills during my semester in â€Å"Writing as an inquiry†. Not only were my writing skills improved, my understanding of rhetoric increased as well. This was done through teacher instruction, class participation, and assignments. Up to this point, I completed four projects in the semester. Each project being very different and improving my writing, rhetoric, communication skills, and testing my creativity. The first project that was assigned in the class was a Learning Narrative. The goal of this assignment was to write about a profound learning moment that occurred in my life. Another goal of this assignment was to expand my knowledge on rhetoric. This assignment was when I was first†¦show more content†¦A lightbulb clicked and I decided to use Lifetime gym as my culture and a dumbbell as my artifact. The next step of this project was to compare my culture and artifact with another culture. The biggest obstacle I fac ed was having to be creative and think about how other people and cultures may view the dumbbell. It was difficult to pick just one certain group and try to hypothesis how they may view the dumbbell. I chose to think of how people of low income and countries in poverty may view the dumbbell. I hypothesized they most likely do not have access to the dumbbell. Therefore, not knowing what it is, or having to use other heavy objects as a substitute for a dumbbell. This project was very interesting and eye opening. An object like a dumbbell, which I have very easy access to, is not easily accessible for everyone. Without this project, I would not have thought of a broader culture. It makes me grateful to be able to have such easy access to a dumbbell, which others in countries in poverty may not have the luxury of. I reached the goals of this assignment. I was able to think of a specific artifact and describe it in specific detail. I then thought of a few broader cultures and was able to compare a specific culture to mine. Project three was the remix project. The goals of this project were to be able to take writing and turn it into a visual. In a group with two other people, we would use the phrase â€Å"AShow MoreRelatedQuestions : How Did Wra110 Improved My Writing Skills?932 Words   |  4 PagesInquiry questions: How did WRA110 have improved my writing skills? I have attended WRA 110 almost four months and I appreciate that I have a deeper and further impression about American college writing. Since I am an international student, honestly, I am not good at writing at all, I have to spend more time on fixing some grammar problems in writing, especially, analyzing article. Sometimes I even very struggle with how to write it clear for readers, but after I accepted advice from professors andRead MoreReflective Writing1241 Words   |  5 PagesHow do I . . . Write a Reflection? Why reflective writing? 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The effects of doing ethnography on the ethnographer was not considered an important mode of inquiry in the past. While inevitably, going to far distant lands and living with a culture so different from your own will at least cause the ethnographer to reflect on personal issues but most likely will cause profound changes in the way he or she will view the world. But in the

Lit1 Task 310.1.2-01-06 Essay - 2863 Words

Part A (The report) Part B (The memorandum) Student Name Western Governors University Part A (The report) Determining what type of business venture to either start or invest in can be challenging. Over the next several pages we will evaluate the various types of business organizations and at the end of this report; you should have an initial or better understanding of the different types of business forms. Sole Proprietorship: The word proprietorship can sound intimidating. It is important to remember that most things are simplified with knowledge. If your business is a sole proprietorship then you as an individual are the owner and operator of that business. This means the sole proprietor handles everything from setting up†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Control: A sole proprietor has total control of the company and they make all the good decisions and they must deal with decisions that did not turn out the way they intend. The other notable factor in being a sole proprietor of a business is what would happen to the business if the owner became ill or died; typically the business would stop operations based on the structure and debts would need to be resolved as well as customer commitments would need resolving based on the type of business. †¢ Profit Retention: In addition to reaping the profits from the business, the sole individual is also responsible for all debts in curred and for paying expenditures of the business. †¢ Location: In addition to federal laws that govern business a sole proprietorship is governed by the state laws in which it operates. If the proprietor opens another business location in a different state. The new state laws will govern the other business location therefore requiring the proprietor to understand and be compliant with more than one state laws based on the location of the business. (Beatty Samuelson, 2007, pp. 755-756) General Partnership: Occurs when two or more individuals get together to operate a business with the intention of making profit. Each individual is a general partner of the business and all profits and losses are shared between the partners. General partnership agreements can be a written or verbal agreement. †¢Show MoreRelatedLit1 Task 310.1.2-01-062176 Words   |  9 Pages1      Part A Sole Proprietorship A sole proprietorship is a form of business that is owned by a single individual.   †¢ Liability – Due to the lack of legal distinction between the owner and the business, the owner is fully responsible and liable for all debts that the business incurs in the same manner that an individual is fully responsible and liable for all debts that they incur. There is no legal distinction between the assets of the owner of the sole proprietorship and the business; thisRead MoreLit1 Task 310.1.2-01-06 Essay examples1487 Words   |  6 PagesLIT1 Task 310.1.2-01-06 Part A Sole Proprietorship - †¢ LIABILITY – There is no separation between the individual and the business. As the owner and operator of a sole proprietorship, all of the profit and loss is the personal responsibility of the business owner creating unlimited liability. †¢ INCOME TAXES – As a sole proprietor all business income or losses must be reported as personal income tax. The business itself is not taxed separately. †¢ LONGEVITY/CONTINUITY – The sole proprietorshipRead MoreWGU LIT1 Task 310.1.2-01-063823 Words   |  16 PagesPart A (The Report) Sole Proprietorship A sole proprietorship is the most common form of forming a business in the United States. The individual that forms the sole proprietorship and the business is one in the same. For example, if the business owes creditors money, the individual who created the sole proprietorship business has to pay the bill. When entering into contracts the individual is actually agreeing to the contract since the person and business is one in the same. The biggest advantageRead MoreEssay about Lit1 Task 310.1.2-01-062862 Words   |  12 PagesSole Proprietorship Sole proprietorship is the most common form of business in the United States. It is a relatively simple way for an individual to start a business since legal costs and business requirements are minimal, and the owner has complete control over the business. Though a sole proprietor is not responsible for any corporate tax payments, the owner is responsible for taxes incurred on the income generated from the business as part of his or her personal income tax payments, and personallyRead MoreStudy Notes for Task 11269 Words   |  6 Pages†ºAdd account Sign out Settings LIT1 Task1.pdfAdd to DriveEdit onlineDownload originalShareFileViewHelp SUBDOMAIN 310.1 - BUSINESS LAW Competency 310.1.2: Organizational Forms - The graduate can select the appropriate form of organization for a business. 310.1.2-01: Differentiate between a sole proprietorship and general partnership. 310.1.2-02: Differentiate between a general partnership and a limited partnership. 310.1.2-03: Identify the distinguishing characteristicsRead MoreLit1 Task a Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesLIT1: Task 310.1.2-01-06 Task A Sole proprietorship 1. Liability * An owner has unlimited liability both personally and as the company owner. Liability is a disadvantage in a sole proprietorship. 2. Income taxes * The owner is responsible for filing taxes and is allowed to file taxes as part of their personal income taxes. 3. Longevity * This depends completely on the owner and there continued ability to operate the business. The operation of the business can be significantlyRead MoreSample Resume : Business Management1551 Words   |  7 PagesNatasha Rodas LIT1 Task 310.1.2-01-06 Part A Sole Proprietorship – As a sole proprietor, you own your business solely; no other interested parties are involved. †¢ LIABLITY – The business is controlled and operated solely by the individual, and all profit/loss is the responsibility of the business owner; creating unlimited liability. †¢ INCOME TAXES – All business income/expenses are to be reported as personal income tax; not taxed separately. †¢ LONGEVITY/CONTINUITY – Once the business owner is